GUM DISEASE

Periodontal (gum) disease is an infection caused by plaque. Plaque is the sticky film composed mostly of bacteria that forms continuously on the teeth and must be removed as plaque bacteria produce toxins that irritate gum tissues causing them to swell. Gradually plaque hardens into calculus (tartar) that forms a rough surface on which more plaque accumulates, causing increased irritation and swelling.

This inflammation damages the periodontal fibers that hold the gum tightly against the teeth, creating spaces known as periodontal pockets. These pockets create room for even more bacterial activity which creates deeper pockets until eventually the bone supporting the tooth is destroyed, resulting in tooth loss. 

Other factors can also cause periodontal disease. These include local irritants such as smoking, chewing tobacco, or habitually clenching the teeth. Nutrition, certain medications, and high levels of stress can also be contributing factors.

In many cases periodontal disease begins at an early age and in its first stages is called gingivitis (gum inflammation); with the more advanced stage known as periodontitis or pyorrhea. Because the disease can be virtually painless, it is important to maintain regular check-ups so that your dentist can detect the presence of periodontist (a specialist in diagnosing, treating and preventing gum disease). Your periodontist does a more in-depth examination to determine the actual extent of your periodontal disease.

**Periodontal (gum) disease affect 3 out of 4 people over the age of 35 and is the most common cause of tooth loss**